Insects as Biotic Stress in Agriculture

Plants are surrounded by the biotic factors around their ecosystem. Their interaction with insects is one such important factor that shapes the habitat around them. Insects may be beneficial or pests depending on their activity in the microclimate they live with the flora around them. The plants are provided with physical strength, chemical responses, and physiological changes with time to adapt to the herbivory nature of insects. Some insects live in mutual and take food and shelter for survival, providing plants with defense and predatory response to pest populations. Others cause tissue damage, triggering responses like chemical secretion that either attract pests for toxic feeders or repel them. The physical architecture of tissue structures also provides the advantage to plants to cope with damage and regeneration. Some defense mechanism varies with species of plants and are specific based on their interaction with insects.