Probiotic Bacteriotherapeutic Approaches in Oral Healthcare

“Oral microbiome” denotes to a colony of microorganisms that typically reside inside the mouth and is thought to be the second most densely populated collection of bacteria in our body. The group of oral microbiota has a substantial impact on mouth and systemic health. The oral microbial biofilm is made up of over 700 different kinds of microorganisms, and each habitat supports a unique, species-specific microbial community. Numerous host and environmental variables impact the formation, growth, and perseverance of the oral microbiota. The longevity of various microbial communities primarily depends on the symbiotic relationship between them. In the mouth, saliva is a fluid medium to support this microbial community. Probiotics are live microbial species of bacteria that are shown to have positive effects when taken on systemic health. Most oral disorders that occur today, including tooth caries and periodontal diseases, occur mainly due to the perturbation of specific pathogenic microorganisms due to environmental and ecological changes. Ecological pressures include factors like diet-rich carbohydrates, decreased salivary flow, and acidic pH. Oral diseases are thus controlled first by bacteriotherapy against the pathogenic microorganisms directly or second by modulation of ecological changes in the oral environment. Probiotics in dentistry are used for the evasion of common pathological diseases. Healthy bacteria having a positive effect on the host to oral commensal status thereby decreasing the pathogenic effects on the host in oral diseases. In this chapter, the effect of probiotic bacteriotherapeutic approaches in oral healthcare is discussed.