Microbial Production of Water-Soluble Vitamins

Water-soluble vitamins (vitamin B complex and C) are essential coenzymes for various metabolic activities that are necessary for the body to function properly. Our body cannot store these vitamins; thus, frequent dietary intake is required to restore them. A deficiency in these vitamins can result in several illnesses that can severely impair daily functioning or even lead to fatal diseases. Most vitamins can be obtained in sufficient amounts through a diet comprising whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean protein-rich foods. People with specific medical conditions, dietary limitations, or poor absorption might need to take supplements. Besides, certain microorganisms can prevent the absorption of vitamins produced by the gut microflora. Genetic engineering, a valuable tool, is utilized to fight against malnutrition-related deficiency illnesses. Large-scale production of vitamins is achieved through genetic modification of microbes. Supplementing conventional chemical synthesis techniques, microbial generation of vitamins, has shown great promise, especially, for those vitamins that are costly or difficult to produce chemically. The food and pharmaceutical industries stand to gain a great deal from the ability to synthesize vitamins in an economical, sustainable, and highly specialized manner. They address micronutrient deficiencies and enhance general health and well-being by producing targeted supplements and fortified foods.