A Frequency-Reconfigurable Graphene-Based Microstrip Patch Antenna with Mushroom-Like EBG for IoT Applications

This paper introduces a novel design for microstrip patch antenna (MPA) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications based on a 60 GHz frequency band. This research aimed to develop an MPA that aligns with the compact size, high-frequency band, and good performance for modern IoT devices. The MPA is popularly classified as a poor gain antenna and narrow bandwidth because of the substrate characteristics and the existence of the surface waves that are excited once the MPA is powered with electric power. In this paper, the mushroom-like Electromagnetic Bandgap (EBG) is utilized to be loaded with the rectangular patch MPA structure to improve the overall antenna performance. Since the MPAs commonly suffer from the narrow bandwidth problem, the graphene material is proposed to be utilized as an implanted slot to take the role of a controlled switches within the patch of the antennas and controlled by applying DC voltage to the slot, dual bands of the frequency are obtained according to the biasing of the graphene (i.e., ON case) and no biasing (i.e., OFF case). The simulated MPA showed good performance in the bands of (58.36 and 60 GHz) with gain of (7.65 and 7.26 dBi), for the ON and OFF cases, respectively.