Titanium Strut-based Lattice Structure Via Additive Manufacturing for Spinal Cage: A Review

Spinal cages replace damaged or diseased vertebrae in the spine. They are typically made of titanium alloy, which is strong and lightweight. However, traditional spinal cages are solid, which can lead to stress shielding and bone loss. Strut-based lattice structures offer a potential solution to this problem. They are made of a network of struts that provide support while allowing for more bone growth. This review paper explores the development of titanium strut-based lattice structures, made utilizing additive manufacturing processes, for spinal cage applications. It investigates this method’s importance in spinal fusion procedures, given the ever-evolving environment of technology and biomechanical constraints. The paper covers the newest breakthroughs in additive manufacturing technology, stressing their importance in producing complicated lattice structures. Additionally, it dives into the critical mechanical and morphological issues that govern the effectiveness of spinal cages. Through experimental research, the study gives insights into the functioning of these lattice structures, their interaction with bone tissue, and the implications for spinal fusion results. By summarizing these critical features, the article contributes to the continuous search of optimum spinal cage designs for enhanced patient care and surgical results.