Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia, also known as fibrous dysplasia, was first reported in 1891 [1, 2]. It is characterized by progressive bone tissue defect and abnormal trabecular bone and bone marrow structure, accompanied by fibrous tissue hyperplasia, showing ground-glass changes in bone tissue in X-ray examination. Fibrous dysplasia of bone is common in femur and pelvis, and rare in the jaw [3–7]. There are three clinical types: Single type, multiple type, and cranial and maxillofacial type. The single type is usually characterized by abnormal bone structure of a single focus. It usually grows slowly and is self-limited. Multiple type can show the invasion and oppression of adjacent structures. The diagnosis of fibrous dysplasia of bone needs to combine clinical manifestations with imaging manifestations, and if necessary, gene detection (GNAS1 gene mutation) or pathological biopsy can be carried out [7, 8]. Treatment methods include observation, bisphosphonate treatment and surgical repair or resection. Bone fibrous dysplasia may recur and become malignant after operation, so it is necessary to follow up the patients for a long time.