Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

The aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) was first reported as an ossifying hematoma by Van Arsdale in 1893. In 1942, Jaffe and Lichenstein renamed it in accordance with its intraosseous and expandable properties. ABC is a benign, locally invasive tumor in children and early adulthood [1–6]. It usually affects the metaphysis of long bones and may also occur in the spine or pelvis. Patients usually complain of pain in the affected area, and sometimes, pathological fractures can be observed. Osteolytic lesions can be found in plain films; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows that a typical liquid-level cystic structure is formed due to blood deposition. The main treatment of ABC is sclerotherapy. Sclerosing agents, such as polysaccharide alcohol or doxycycline, can be injected into cysts, thus reducing cystic lesions and progressive sclerosis [6–11]. Another treatment (if sclerotherapy fails or pathological fracture is imminent) is scaling with adjuvant. Adjuvants can be hydrogen peroxide, phenol and polymethylmethacrylate to fill lesions [7].