Pyogenic Osteomyelitis of Jaws

Pyogenic osteomyelitis of jaws usually occurs in young adults, with the highest incidence generally between the ages of 16 and 30. It is more common in men than women, with a ratio of 2:1. It is commonly seen in the mandible clinically. However, the maxilla is the most common site in infants and young children. The common pathogen is the staphylococcus aureus, followed by hemolytic streptococcus, diplococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli and proteus species. The route of infection mainly includes odontogenic infection, damaging infection and blood-borne infection [1–3]. The clinical development process of the osteomyelitis of the jaws can be divided into two stages: acute phase and chronic phase. According to the cause of infection and the characteristics of lesions, purulent osteomyelitis is divided into central osteomyelitis of the jaws and marginal osteomyelitis of the jaws in clinical practice. Correct clinical diagnosis is generally not difficult according to the patient’s history, etiology, clinical manifestations and imaging examination. In terms of treatment, sufficient and effective antibiotics should be given in the acute phase to control the development of inflammation. Moreover, targeted antibiotics should be applied according to the results of bacterial culture and drug sensitivity tests, as well as necessary systemic and supportive therapies [2, 4, 5]. The purpose of operation treatment is to drain the pus and remove the lesions. The treatment in the chronic phase is mainly surgical. The patient can be cured by removing the formed dead bones and lesions.