Clinical Examination of the Pediatric Lumbar Spine

This chapter provides a comprehensive guide to the clinical examination of the pediatric lumbar spine, focusing on the distinctive features that differentiate pediatric spinal assessment from adult practices. The chapter outlines the essential steps in obtaining a detailed history, including key aspects of developmental milestones, family history, and any signs of red flags that could suggest serious underlying pathology. It then systematically explores the physical examination, emphasizing the importance of inspection and palpation. Special attention is given to assessing posture, gait, range of motion, and neurological status, with guidance on recognizing common musculoskeletal conditions such as scoliosis, kyphosis, congenital anomalies, and infections. The chapter concludes with recommendations for when to consider further imaging or referral to a specialist.