Dynamic Imaging and Upright MRI Applications

Advances in spinal imaging have highlighted the limitations of conventional supine techniques in evaluating posture- and motion-dependent spinal pathology. Functional imaging modalities now allow assessment of the spine under physiological loading and during movement, revealing abnormalities that may remain occult on routine studies. This chapter reviews the biomechanical principles and clinical applications of weight-bearing radiographs, flexion-extension imaging, upright computed tomography, and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in cervical and lumbar spine disorders. Emphasis is placed on their role in identifying segmental instability, dynamic stenosis, disc pathology, and facet joint degeneration. The following text focuses on integrating these imaging techniques into clinical practice to enhance diagnostic accuracy, improve clinicoradiological correlation, and support informed surgical decision-making.