Global Epidemiology and Preventive Spine Care Policies

Low back pain and degenerative lumbar spine disorders represent one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with a growing impact across diverse geographic regions and healthcare systems. Global epidemiological studies consistently demonstrate high lifetime prevalence, substantial years lived with disability, and marked variation in disease burden across countries, age groups, and socioeconomic strata. These patterns reflect complex interactions between demographic transitions, occupational exposures, lifestyle factors, and health system characteristics. As the global burden of spine-related disability continues to rise, prevention has emerged as a critical component of sustainable spine care. This chapter reviews the global epidemiology of lumbar spine disorders and examines preventive spine care policies aimed at reducing incidence, progression, and disability. Emphasis is placed on population-level risk factors, primary and secondary prevention strategies, workplace and public health interventions, and policy frameworks that support spine health across the lifespan.