Economic history occupies the position of specialized history in the discipline of history, but for economics, it is a secondary discipline under theoretical economics—its significance is probably not to provide an empirical object opposite to the real economy or the current economy, but because it is linked with some classical theoretical propositions. (If this is the case, it is obviously more meaningful to study the current economy, which we are more familiar with and richer in information.) Especially for China’s economy, which is still regarded as in transition, its transformation can be understood as the process of “shock-response” or “backwardness-catching up” in the past 100 or 200 years, and even the modernization that began 300 or 500 years ago, and even shrouded in the shadow of the Millennium scale such as “Needham Mystery” (Lin 2007b). (For example, from the perspectives of market development and early industrialization, China in the eighteenth century is classified as “early modern times” (2010). Based on the formation of economic structure, Gao Wangling also thinks that the eighteenth century is a period of history (2002), while Huang Renyu puts forward that “nearly 500 years are 1 yuan” (2001).) Therefore, it is of extra practical significance to study the historical process of China’s economy. Therefore, no matter in economics or history, China’s economic history research focuses on its own economic history, and there is no lack of interlinked academic issues, which is understandable. (Of course, there are also factors such as language, knowledge structure, and academic comparative advantage.) Therefore, this chapter focuses on the research of Chinese economic history in different disciplines and tries to explain its significance to Chinese economics.