Conceptual Design of an Ultra-Long-Endurance UAV Using Self-focusing Microwave Wireless Power Transmission

The limited endurance of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) poses a significant challenge that hinders further development. This study presents a novel UAV design utilizing self-focusing microwave wireless power transmission technology to overcome this endurance bottleneck. Firstly, the requirements for UAV design utilizing self-focusing microwave wireless power transmission technology are analyzed, including considerations for antenna installation, electromagnetic and electrostatic protection, as well as flight trajectory planning. Subsequently, the UAV’s operational concept, overall parameters, aerodynamic layout, and electromagnetic and electrostatic protection for microwave wireless recharging are described. The operational concept involves hovering at an altitude of 10 km to safeguard high-value targets. The UAV weighs 500 kg and achieves a cruise speed of approximately 100 km/h, utilizing a 30 kW electric propeller power system. The design adopts a flying wing layout, with the rectifying antenna for the self-focusing microwave wireless power transmission system integrated into the belly of the fuselage, conforming to its shape. Finally, calculations are performed to determine the aerodynamic characteristics of the design, and the cruise performance is evaluated. The attained cruising speed and the required cruising power meet the requirements outlined in the conceptual design.