Issues of Microplastics and Sustainable Removal Techniques

Plastics in the form of fibers, fragments or beads smaller than 5 mm in size are of increasing concern. These are called microplastics. Microplastics are considered generalized pollutants that are present in practically all environmental compartments, especially in marine and freshwater environments. Microplastics is gaining significant attention in the research community because of its possible impact on the human body. The current understanding of the issue, its impact on human health and the treatment of MPs is limited. This literature review is intended to give a complete summary of current information and research findings on concerns, environmental occurrences, MP impact, and treatment. The bioaccumulation of microplastics and its process of biodegradation through microbes and its impact on the food chain is also reviewed. In this literature review, we have also analyzed the different techniques currently being used in the treatment of MPs and the advancements in treatment techniques for the sustainable removal of MPs. An overview of the potential use of natural materials in MPs removal is also provided. Our review concludes with the possible outcomes of MPs in the human life cycle if not appropriately treated.