Targeting of Tumor Microenvironment Through Nano-Biomaterial-Based Chemotherapy

In the presence of cancer, aberrant cells can proliferate over their typical limits, which is one of the features that distinguishes cancer from other diseases. The most prevalent cause of death in cancer patients is metastases, which are cancerous tumors that have spread to other parts of the body. At first, nanomedicines for cancer were conceived of as “magic bullets” that could travel through the blood and target tumors while avoiding damage to healthy cells. But the bad news is that important roadblocks have been skipped over in the trip of the nanoparticle. In this chapter, we have explained the biological hurdles that prevent nanomedicines from being used to treat cancer, and we have also elaborated on the two routes. Re-engineering cancer nanomedicines to block unwanted interactions on the way to the tumor is the initial step in a multi-pronged attack against the disease. The second approach seeks to turn these challenges into opportunities for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic uses of nanomedicines. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to discuss novel engineering approaches that shine a spotlight on our rapidly expanding understanding of the physiological barriers to the tumor, nanobio-interactions and nanocarrier up-gradation to develop more efficacious nanotherapeutics for cancer patients.