Breeding for Biotic Stress in Urdbean Through Genomics-Enabled Strategies

Urdbean, a self-pollinated legume crop from the Fabaceae family, is known for its drought tolerance and high protein content. India produces 70% of the world’s black gram production, making it the third most important pulse crop. Despite its significance, the crop faces challenges such as diseases, insect infestations, and suboptimal yields. This chapter explores the potential of genomic approaches for addressing these challenges and improving urdbean cultivars. Resistance to prevalent diseases like Mung bean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) and powdery mildew is examined at the genetic level, revealing insights into the molecular mechanisms governing resistance. Transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are employed to elucidate the complex interplay of genes and pathways involved in disease resistance, offering potential targets for crop improvement. The potential of genome sequencing technologies, coupled with advanced breeding techniques including speed breeding and genome editing, is discussed in the context of enhancing genetic diversity and adapting urdbean to changing environmental conditions. The utilisation of conserved wild relatives (CWRs) is highlighted as a means to reintroduce adaptive genes lost during domestication, enhancing the adaptability and resilience of urdbean varieties. Moreover, this chapter provides valuable insights into the current state of genomic research in urdbean, offering a roadmap for future endeavours in crop improvement through overcoming challenges and unlocking the full genetic potential of this important legume crop.