On-Site Monitoring and Data Analysis

When the shield tunneling machine crosses the air shaft during construction, it will cause a certain degree of disturbance to the inner wall of the air shaft. Therefore, a slight mistake in the construction method will cause incalculable losses. In order for the shield tunneling machine to safely pass through the air shaft, it is often necessary to monitor the convergence deformation and stress of the inner lining wall of the air shaft in (Xu et al. in Highway 61:245–251, 2016).