Imperatives of SDG 7 on Energy Security in the Global South: Standing at the Crossroads of the Climate Crisis

Many of the Global South’s population lacks electricity access. In addition, Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG 7) aims to ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services. Against this backdrop, the paper attempts to evaluate the accessibility of electricity and clean energy in the rural areas of the region Global South in the period 1990–2020. Further, the concept of the 4A definition of energy security is instrumental in analyzing the status of energy security in the region of the Global South. The study, therefore, examines the changes in energy security during 1990–2020 based on the 4A definition. The 4A definition comprises four energy security dimensions: accessibility, availability, acceptability, and affordability. The paper deploys appropriate indicators to reflect the four aspects of energy security and evaluates energy security by disintegrating the region of the Global South into four income categories: high income, upper middle, lower-middle, and low income.