Non-contact Heart Rate Estimation Using mmWave High Radio Frequency Radar

Heart rate, a critical health indicator, is typically measured using contact methods such as electrocardiography (ECG). However, there is a growing interest in developing non-contact monitors, which offer considerable advantages. These include eliminating skin irritation, reducing discomfort, and minimizing the risk of infection, making them perfectly suited for long-term, continuous monitoring. This study aimed to examine the comparative efficacy and precision of two heart rate measurement devices the mmWave high radio frequency radar and oximeter, at varying distances and conditions, including situations with and without obstruction. The devices were tested for accuracy and consistency in readings at distances of 30, 60, 90, and 120 cm. The waveforms produced by the devices were comparable, suggesting minimal deviation and a strong correlation between the two sets of results. Even in the presence of obstructions, the devices maintained their high degree of accuracy, with only minor variations in readings. At 60 cm, the margin of error was found to be just plus or minus 4 bpm, indicating a remarkable tolerance to obstacles. When compared at greater distances, i.e., at 90 and 120 cm, with obstructions, the error margin slightly increased but remained within an acceptable range. This underlined the devices’ robustness and their ability to deliver reliable results under less-than-ideal conditions. In conclusion, the mmWave radar demonstrated high levels of precision and consistency across various distances and conditions to estimate the heart rate value.