Solar-Powered IoT-Integrated Air Quality System with ESP-NOW for Real-Time Outdoor Monitoring

Air quality in Malaysia is worsening due to increased vehicle usage and wildfires. These activities contribute to higher pollutant levels which are harmful to human health. Therefore, there is a need for a portable, self-sufficient air quality monitoring system that is easy to install, maintain, transport, and does not rely on a fixed power source. Additionally, a system that seamlessly integrates with other devices and networks is required to provide real-time data for timely analysis and access by authorities. This paper presents a solar-powered system that integrates with the Internet of Things (IoT) and measures various air quality parameters, including temperature, humidity, particulate matter 2.5, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxide. Real-time data transmission to a remote server enables authorities to analyze and access data promptly. The system also incorporates an alert system for surpassing measurement thresholds, enabling swift actions. By facilitating effective monitoring and addressing of air quality concerns, this system supports authorities, researchers, and stakeholders. Moreover, its long-range wireless capability using ESP-NOW technology allows communication up to 10 m for indoors with obstacles, 20 m for indoors without obstacles, and 40 m for outdoors.