Maximizing Photovoltaic Cell Efficiency: Experimental Investigation on the Impact of Cleaning Methods on Power Output and Cost-Effectiveness

The performance of photovoltaic panels is greatly influenced by various environmental factors, affecting power output, conversion efficiency, and energy expenses. Dust, being a significant factor, plays a crucial role in this regard, with its properties varying based on location and including kind, size, shape, and meteorology. Soil erosion poses a considerable challenge to the widespread adoption of solar photovoltaic systems. To address these concerns, a study conducted at Epic Solar Sdn Bhd in Kemaman, Terengganu, Malaysia, investigated the impact of soiling and different dust-cleaning strategies on photovoltaic panels. The research explored the daily and monthly energy production variations based on cleaning agents and frequency. Three panels underwent monthly cleaning with or without a cleaning agent, while another group was cleaned weekly without any agents. The findings revealed that soiling is non-uniform over time and influenced by daily weather changes, with the highest levels occurring from July to November and the least in May and June. The study concluded that cleaning the panels every two weeks is necessary to minimize losses caused by improper cleaning practices and emphasized that cleaning frequency outweighs the choice of cleaning chemicals in achieving effective dust removal.