Unveiling Site Contamination: Comprehensive Investigation, Health Risk Assessment, and Management

Contaminated sites continue to challenge environmental sustainability and public health. This review synthesizes key principles and practices required to tackle this critical issue. It underscores the significance of an integrated approach that encompasses site investigation, health risk assessment, and management strategies. A critical aspect of addressing site contamination involves a thorough site investigation. The paper delves into the complexities of health risk assessment, emphasizing the integration of toxicological studies, exposure modelling, and epidemiological analyses. It elucidates the significance of quantifying the potential risks to human populations and ecosystems resulting from exposure to contaminants. As a reference for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners, this review paper contributes to the ongoing global efforts to address contaminated sites effectively. Furthermore, it highlights management strategies for contaminated sites paving the way for more sustainable and health-conscious approaches to environmental remediation.