Survey on VANET Authentication Scheme Based on Cryptographic Protocols

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are designed for vehicles which act as wireless networks. VANETs basically enable communication and data exchange between vehicles (V2V communication) as well as between vehicles and infrastructure (V2I communication). As VANETs are advancing toward improving road safety and traffic efficiency, the need for robust authentication mechanisms grows. The cryptographic scheme guarantees that interactions remain anonymous, shielding the identities and locations of individual vehicles while allowing authorized entities to link related interactions over time for legitimate monitoring and auditing purposes. At times we are not able judge whether the information/message is authentic or not and the identity of the sender must be secure. So, to solve the privacy issue various authentication schemes have been introduced like traditional digital signature scheme, ring signature schemes, blockchain-based schemes, group signatures, etc. Detailed survey of these cryptographic schemes to ensure secure and efficient communication among smart vehicles and roadside units, contributing to the advancement of safe and connected transportation systems has been discussed here. This study reviews existing work in this field to resolve significant privacy issues and security in VANETs. The objective is to contribute significantly to the enhancement of security, privacy, and overall efficiency in the domain of VANETs, paving the way for safer and smarter vehicular communication systems.