Since ancient times, Chinese peoples and their ancestors have lived and multiplied in the eastern part of the Eurasian continent, which extends from the Pamir Plateau in the west to the islands on the west coast of the Pacific Ocean, with a vast expanse in the north and mountains in the southwest. The continent is surrounded by natural barriers, and the huge internal water systems dominated by the Yellow River and the Yangtze River closely link various geographical areas to form a systematic geographical unit, which provides a broad geographical space for the survival and development of all ethnic groups in ancient and modern times. In the vast geographical space of the Chinese nation, ethnic groups of different origins such as Hu, Diqiang and Puyue have lived since the Neolithic Age. After thousands of years of development, convergence and integration, a large ethnic conglomerate consisting of 56 ethnic groups has formed, featuring the distribution structure of mixed, small and scattered groups dominated by the Han nationality.