The organic life on the earth has undergone long evolution to give rise to human beings. Human beings are both gifted and controlled by nature; they both conform to nature and are able to transcend nature. In the process of adapting to and transforming nature, human beings have formed various groups and created a colorful culture. As one of the human groups, the relationship between nation and nature is a long historical proposition. In the “nation-environment” relationship, on the one hand, as the basic condition for the survival and development of the nation on the other hand, any nation in the process of relying on, adapting to, and transforming the natural geographic environment, in its understanding of the nation’s ecological process, its perception, attitude and evaluation of the environment, natural geographical environment has different degrees of influence on national economic production activities, national (or ethnic) physical characteristics, psychological quality and living habits in different historical stages of national development; On the other hand, in the process of relying on, adapting to and transforming the natural and geographical environment, in the understanding of the nation’s ecological process, the perception, attitude and evaluation of the environment, any nation will often form a variety of different ecological concepts, as well as some orderly inherited local knowledge systems related to the environment, which is the focus of this chapter.