Microbiome and Reproductive Health

The human microbiome comprises of trillions of microorganisms that plays a central role in regulating biological processes and protecting against reproductive disorders. Dysbiosis is an imbalance between the microbiota of gut and vaginal tract microbiota that is associated with various reproductive conditions such as bacterial vaginosis, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, prostate cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, vulvovaginal candidiasis, infertility, and preterm birth. Various factors such as chronic diseases, stress, age, antibiotic use, and diet contribute to microbiota dysbiosis, compromising epithelial barrier function, hormonal balance, and causing inflammation in the reproductive system. Microbiome-based interventions offer promising strategies to restore microbial equilibrium and enhance reproductive health. Various approaches such as prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and symbiotics as well as the dietary modifications, including polyphenols, fibers, and omega-3 fatty acids can regulate the structure and function of the microbial communities, particularly in the gut. Lifestyle changes like exercise, stress management, and sufficient sleep also play a pivotal role in maintaining microbiota balance and promoting reproductive tract health. Understanding the intricate relationship between microbial balance and reproductive system health is crucial. Microbiome-based interventions present new avenues for restoring disrupted microbial equilibrium and improving human health. However, further investigations are necessary to uncover the underlying mechanisms of microbiome dysbiosis, enabling the development of personalized medicines for reproductive disorders.