Microbiome-Based Therapeutics in Immunological Disorders

The human microbiome composition is influenced by several factors including geographical location, age, gender, dietary patterns, medication usage, and gastrointestinal infections. Commencing shortly after birth, the establishment of the human microbiome is a vital and intrinsic component of human existence. The initial colonization of human microflora primarily occurs during the birth process, where infants acquire significant amounts of microorganisms from their mothers. The microbial composition exhibits considerable dynamism, undergoing continuous fluctuations during the first 3 years of life. Subsequently, it reaches a relatively stable state but still experiences frequent minor changes throughout life. This chapter explores the significance of diverse microbial communities within the typical human microbiome and the potential consequences of their dysbiosis. It also explores the involvement of these communities in various physiological functions, including inflammatory responses, immunological processes, and the development of infectious diseases in humans. Additionally, the chapter discusses the role of microbiota as therapeutic strategies in immunological disorders.