The Molecular Mechanism of Neural Signal Transduction Based on Terahertz Irradiation

With the development of terahertz sources and detection devices, an increasing number of terahertz irradiation biological effects have been discovered. Terahertz irradiation possesses non-ionizing and non-invasive characteristics, and due to the abundance of terahertz information in biological organisms and the known characteristic frequencies of many biomolecules and chemical bonds, it can serve as an effective means of modulating neural activity. This paper, focusing on resonance energy injection as the core framework, mainly introduces the most representative research findings on the biological effects and mechanisms of terahertz irradiation on calcium ion channels, potassium ion channels, and neurotransmitter-specific receptor binding, and provides an outlook on the future development of terahertz neurobiology.