Investigation of Factors that Affect the Ammonia Production Rate in the Pyrolysis of Urea Solution

Urea pyrolysis is a fundamental chemical reaction with broad applications in industrial processes, including the production of Ammonia and various nitrogen-containing compounds. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the factors that affect the Ammonia production rate in the Pyrolysis of Urea. The researched and investigated factors were Temperature, the Concentration of urea-water solution, carrier gas capacity, and hot air flow. Two experimental pilot tests were carried out and the results were compared. In both experiments, it showed that temperature has a positive effect on the ammonia production rate. The Concentration of Urea-water solution has some limitations, according to the investigation, if the Concentration of urea solution (mass fraction) is in the range of 35%–50%, there is an increase in Ammonia production. However, if it is in the range of 55%–60%, the production rate falls. Carrier air flow is to remain constant in order for the ammonia production rate to be between 98% and 100%. When the hot air flow rate is high, the heat input into the urea pyrolysis furnace system is relatively higher, which can meet the high temperature pyrolysis requirements of the urea solution. The investigated factors are essential for a positive yield of ammonia production from Urea Pyrolysis.