“Heaven’s Heart-Mind” as the Spirit of World History

In his reply to his friend Ren An, Sima Qian (司马迁) said, “Exploring the relationship between the Heavenly Way (天道) and Human Affairs (人事), understanding the ancient and modern changes, and becoming a unique and systematic theory or works”. Qian Mu (钱穆) pointed out in his Chinese Historical Masterpieces (《中国史学名著》): “There should be a boundary between ‘Human Affairs’ and ‘Heavenly Way’.