Modeling of Left Ventricle of Human Heart Using Bond Graph Under Different Loading Conditions

The heart is an essential organ of the human body. Understanding the various factors affecting the human heart can help us build and regulate cardiac implantable electronic devices. The proper and complete knowledge of the functioning of a human heart can help us better detect and treat underlying problems. The left ventricle is an integral part of the human heart as it connects to all the other organ systems in the human body to pump oxygenated blood to the organs. Failure of the left ventricle would likely cause the deterioration of all other organs. The functioning of the left ventricle is affected by both biophysical and physiological aspects, resulting in the mathematical model of the organ falling in the category of a nonlinear, multi-energy system, which compels us to use the bond graph modeling method as it allows us to gain insight into complex system behavior. The results in preload and afterload conditions using plots between ventricular pressure, ventricular volume, heart muscle length, and cross-bridges were obtained. Studying the intensive property of bond graph modeling on the automatic prediction of an accurate model was an essential part of this research.