Sessile Droplet Evaporation: State of the Art Review

This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in sessile droplet evaporation, a multifaceted process influenced by several physical phenomena such as heat transfer, mass transfer, surface tension, and capillary action. The process is essential in many fields, including material science, physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental science, and is a critical contribution to the advancement of emerging technologies and the advancement of scientific knowledge. The paper examines various methods used to study droplet evaporation, including optical microscopy, interferometry, and microfluidics. Recent studies have focused on drop impact, droplet impingement, crystallization, Marangoni flow, and the influence of nanoparticles on the evaporation process of stationary droplets. The review identifies key areas for future research, including drop evaporation on superhydrophobic surfaces and the evaporation of water in flowing fluids. The insights derived from this research are crucial for various practical uses, including inkjet printing, fabrication of nanomaterials, biochemical arrays, and the production of cutting-edge optical and electronic materials. Ultimately, understanding the mechanism of droplet evaporation is crucial for the development of new technologies and the advancement of scientific knowledge.