Industrial Ecology Implementation in Manufacturing and Service Sector: A Context of Developing Country

This chapter studies two cases conducted based on thorough research on industrial ecology. In the following sections, an As-is and To-be scenario is created by taking the textile industry and, more specifically, a denim garment company as a base for this research to propose global best practices to be implemented. For a better understanding, a study of the service sector is included in this chapter, which compares Pakistan's banking sector with the international sustainable practice. The second case envelops the manufacturing sector, which entails the Pakistan apparel industry. The chapter delves into initiatives the local industries took to support green supply chains, especially post-COVID-19, where the supply chain has taken a new route and changes. A denim garment factory and the banking sector of Pakistan have been taken as samples to apprehend the implementation of industrial ecology in developing countries. The selected samples are studied to check the implementation of industrial ecology: two retail customers in the USA for the manufacturing sector and the international bank sector of Hong Kong for the services sector based on their sustainable objectives for writing the chapter exploratory methodology based on the available data through online sources and interview of the industry professional. The result suggests that the COVID-19 impact halts sustainability and industrial ecology progress. Lastly, the chapter suggests recommendations that would help developing countries in the manufacturing sector improve their sustainability and industrial ecology targets progress.