Energy Harvesting in a NOMA-Based Integrated Satellite-UAV-Terrestrial Network with Amplify and Forward Relay and Imperfect CSI

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have transformed wireless communications by providing solutions to energy efficiency challenges. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA)-enabled energy harvesting in an integrated satellite terrestrial network (ISTN) with UAV amplify and forward (AF) relaying. In a novel two-user scenario, the UAV serves as a relay, introducing unique dimensions to current research. The communication links in this system exhibit a shadowed Rician fading channel between the satellite and the relay, and a Rayleigh fading channel between the relay and users. A direct link is present between the satellite and a nearby user, while heavy shadowing prevents direct access for the distant user. The system model is made more realistic by the inclusion of Imperfect Channel State Information (CSI). The research examines four dimensions. Firstly, it analyzes the total outage probability against varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions, providing insights into overall system reliability. Secondly, it assesses the near user throughput relative to different target rates for the far user, revealing trade-offs and achievable performance metrics. The article investigates the impact of energy conversion efficiency on outage probability across varying SNR values, highlighting the interplay between energy harvesting efficiency and system reliability. Additionally, it explores the relationship between outage probability and the fraction of time allocated to energy harvesting, providing insight into dynamic resource management strategies. Extensive simulations have been conducted to validate the analytical results, characterizing the outage and throughput performance of NOMA-enabled UAV Relaying Networks within an energy harvesting context. These findings contribute to theoretical understanding and offer practical insights for the design and optimization of energy-efficient communication networks.Please check and confirm if the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified. Amend if necessary.The first affiliation was incorrect. It has been corrected.