Multi-omics Approach Towards Cancer Therapy

Cancer remains a significant global challenge, with early diagnosis recognized as the most effective treatment approach. It is a complex disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors, resulting in abnormal cell growth and disruptions in cellular functions such as metabolism and immune response. Researchers have focused on identifying biomarkers such as DNA mutations, epigenetic modifications, protein signatures, and metabolites for early cancer detection. Omics-based approaches, including next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry, have significantly enhanced our understanding of cancer biology. Single-cell analysis is preferred over pooling heterogeneously mixed-cell populations for omics analysis. Additionally, integrating multi-omics data is more effective and robust than relying on single omics signatures for biomarker discovery. However, challenges persist in achieving uniformity in sample collection, data generation, integration, analysis, and prediction for more precise and robust biomarker discovery. This chapter provides an overview of omics technology applications in cancer research and discusses potential biomarkers identified through these methods.