Theoretical Basis

Maxwell’s equations and electromagnetic potentials are explained on the basis of the special theory of relativity. This theoretical basis is useful to understanding the principles and application of electron holography discussed in Chaps. 2 and 3 , respectively. In addition to relativistic kinematics, Einstein’s field equations based on general relativity are presented. These formulations and quantum mechanics are important to the discussions in Chaps. 4 and 5 of the complicated behaviors and wave-particle dualism of the electron, respectively.