Numerical Simulations Using SCAPS-ID Software on Variation of ETL, HTL and Absorbing Layers of Contemporary Organic Solar Cells With Neoteric DOE Approach as a Soft Computing Tool

For more than a decade, Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs) have seen leading-edge solar application that has been in speedy progress. PSCs are in boom with increasing popularity as an alternative to traditional silicon solar cells, by getting an efficiency record of more than 25%. In the field of efficient energy harvesting materials, they have appeared as a strong candidate. To improve perovskite solar cell parameters the application of SCAPS 1-D simulation software and Taguchi method was made. In this work, the enhancement of the operational parameters of PSCs is done to maximize the power conversion efficiency (PCE). To enable researchers to model and analyze device performance accurately, SCAPS 1-D software plays a vital role in the design and optimization of cells. These simulations provide valuable perceptions for improving cell efficiency and studying various applications of materials in PSCs. In this work, we conducted nine experimental runs concerning various material combinations and studied simulation results obtained from software. Also, an investigation of the impact of various materials of the electron transport layer (ETL), hole transport layer (HTL) and absorbing layer on PCE was done. We utilized the Taguchi method for Design of Experiments (DOE). We also employed signal-to-noise (S/N ratios) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for DOE. As per S/N ratio analysis, we determined that Fluorine doped Tin Oxide (FTO) is the optimal choice for the electrode material, Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is ideal for ETL material, Copper(I) oxide (Cu2O) is preferable as HTL material and MA0.5Fa0.5Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 is optimal for absorbing layer. Further ANOVA results confirmed that there is a significant influence of the electrode material on PCE. This research contributes important insights using simulation into material selection to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of perovskite solar cells, promising advancements in renewable energy technology.