Sulphate-Reducing Bacteria in Wastewater Treatment Processes

Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) have emerged as versatile bioremediation microbes, showcasing promising capabilities in treating sulphate-laden wastewater contaminated with various pollutants resulting from extreme environmental conditions induced by anthropogenic activities. This review delves into the intricacies of the mechanisms of SRB action, elucidating their sulphate reduction capabilities and environmental impact. Additionally, the review scrutinizes the role of SRB in bioremediation, highlighting the advantages of biofilm-associated microorganisms over planktonic cells in suspension. These benefits encompass increased resilience against pollutants, the adaptable degradation of contaminants via diverse catabolic pathways, and the capacity to endure various stressed condition. The review culminates in a case study focused on optimizing sulphate wastewater treatment using a two-process system employing SRB and adsorption of pollutants on activated carbon. The study indicates the impact of the chemical oxygen demand: sulphate (COD:SO4) ratio on the performance of a tailor-made SRB consortium BW-16695, with lower ratios facilitating rapid sulphate removal, while higher ratios resulting in gradual yet effective removal. The study also introduces a two-step process involving an activated charcoal column sulphate bioremediation to address elevated COD levels in the effluent, providing a comprehensive perspective on optimizing sulphate wastewater treatment. Exploiting the inherent natural transformation techniques within biofilms presents a pioneering approach for improving bioremediation methods. This strategy exploits the integration of catabolic genes, enhancing the biodegradation of preferred contaminants. Conclusively, it introduces a pioneering strategy to strengthen bioremediation efforts.