Green Fuel Revolution: Microalgae in Wastewater for Sustainable Biodiesel Production

This chapter delves into the role of microalgae, potent photosynthetic organisms, as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels in the form of biodiesel. It highlights the dual benefit of using algal biomass derived from wastewater, thereby addressing both energy production and wastewater treatment. The chapter begins with an introduction to the basic characteristics of algae, followed by an in-depth analysis of photobioreactors, which are instrumental in optimizing algae growth through controlled environmental parameters, leading to higher biomass output. A significant focus is placed on the utilization of effluents from anaerobic treatment systems like up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor (UASB), anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR), which are nutrient-rich and thus ideal for cultivating microalgae. This chapter concludes by exploring the feasibility and potential of converting algae grown in wastewater into biodiesel, presenting a promising pathway for renewable energy and environmental sustainability.