Microalgae-Based Biofuel for Sustainable Bioenergy Production

Algae are characterised by their rapid growth, microscopic size and eukaryotic nature, and they possess the capability for photosynthesis and simultaneous fixation of atmospheric CO2. The cultivation of algae in wastewater not only addresses environmental concerns but also positions them as promising biofuel feedstock, offering solutions for fuel security and CO2 emissions reduction. In response to the current challenges of the global energy crisis and escalating greenhouse gas emissions, microalgae-based bioenergy emerges as a viable substitute for traditional fossil fuels. The review provides an extensive overview of contemporary techniques for converting algal biomass into diverse biofuels, including biodiesel, biohydrogen, biogas and bioethanol. Moreover, it highlights the latest sustainable technology in the field of biofuel and bioenergy production. The present research status has been assessed through bibliometric analysis employing specific keywords related to diverse biofuels and algae. The visualisation of similarities has facilitated a comprehensive analysis, providing discernment into the interrelationships among chosen publications. The obtained findings furnish significant insights into the optimisation strategies for biofuel production from algae, underscoring their essential role in influencing a more sustainable energy terrain. Algae exhibit significant potential as a sustainable biofuel feedstock, with diverse biogas, biohydrogen, bioethanol and biodiesel production applications. Their notable attributes, including high conversion rates and versatility, position them as a promising and environmentally friendly resource for meeting global energy demands. The findings contribute valuable insights into optimising algae-based biofuel production, emphasising their crucial role in transitioning to a more sustainable energy future.