Algae-Mediated Wastewater Valorization and Bioenergy Recovery

Microscopic algae hold immense potential for revolutionizing conventional approaches of water management and energy production. These tiny powerhouses efficiently remove pollutants like nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, and organic wastes from wastewater, contributing towards clean water discharge and carbon sequestration. The resulting biomass, rich in lipids and carbohydrates, can be used as feedstock for a diverse range of biofuels—biodiesel, bioethanol, biogas, and even hydrogen—paving the way for sustainable energy generation. This renewable energy source offers a clean and sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, mitigating climate change and reducing dependence on nonrenewable resources. However, transitioning to algae-based bioprocesses requires addressing critical challenges like design of integrated systems for efficient wastewater treatment and biofuel production. Parameters such as microalgal growth, uptake and conversion efficiency, and purification need to be optimized for the establishment of algae-based biorefinery systems. Moreover, exploring novel bioproducts and fostering synergies with other green technologies also demand attention. This chapter explores algae’s multifaceted capabilities in wastewater treatment and bioenergy recovery, highlighting the benefits and challenges of integrated systems seamlessly combining these processes.