Daoist Time and Its Implications for Reconceptualizing the Ecological System Theory

The study examines the Daoist conceptualization of time and its implications for reconceptualizing the ecological system theory. Drawing on Daoist literature, time is discussed concerning timelessness and timeliness, the interconnectedness of the past, the present, and the future, and the synchronous movements of beings. Analyses suggest that different from a linear and transitory view, Daoist time is constant and all-inclusive. This reconceptualization challenges the anthropocentric nested systems and the causal assumptions inherent in the ecological system theory. Building on the Daoist understanding of time and the inseparability of humanity and nature, the research outlines an alternative model. The study concludes with implications for interrupting human-centeredness and social inequality as well as enhancing human fulfilment and educational possibilities.