Biomedical Applications of Antimicrobial Peptides Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have provided multiple benefits to humanity throughout history. Among other capabilities, LABs produce proteinaceous metabolites with antibacterial properties (i.e., antimicrobial peptides, AMPs). These metabolites are produced under stress and competitive environments against different microorganisms. AMPs have been repurposed for their bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects, mainly in the food industry; however, numerous studies worldwide have recently focused on AMPs with potential for veterinary and human health applications, specifically related to the fight against systemic infections, cancer, skin care, contraception, vaginal infections, and oral care, among others. This chapter presents current research on biomedical applications of these AMPs in vivo and in vitro models.