Exploring Genomic Approaches in Drug Discovery from Ethnomedicinal Plants

The advent of the genomic era has fundamentally altered experimentation, allowing scientists to examine biological systems in greater detail. The paradigm for therapeutic target discovery has fundamentally changed with the sequencing of the human genome and the development of automation and parallelization technologies, leading to systematic whole genome and proteome analysis. It is possible to annotate the genome-wide function of cellular models using modern proteomic approaches. It will be easier to identify the genes that cause a disease by combining data from whole-genome sequencing, expression, and functional analysis. This will also greatly speed up the target validation process. Furthermore, a number of concurrent technological developments in small molecule screening have led to the creation of quick and effective platforms for deciphering the function of inhibitors of proteins or pathways. This chapter discusses genome-wide CRISPR editing for drug target prioritization, the role of population genomics in target identification, the differences between exome and whole-genome sequencing and genotyping array-based genome-wide association studies in genomics, drug perturbation information, and biomarker selection in transcriptomics. The likelihood of a medicine being developed and approved is increased when genetic assistance is utilized.