Conclusion

Since the 1990s, in most advanced capitalist countries, major corporations have dismantled existing vertically integrated production systems and reorganized elements of production across borders. Nationally recognized corporations such as Apple (U.SUnited States (US).), Volkswagen (GermanyGermany), Toyota (JapanJapan), Samsung, and Hyundai (KoreaKorea) have globally organized elements of production including labor, technology, and parts in order to survive intensified competition. Major companies have strengthened their competitiveness by segmenting entire value chains, from product development and design to production of detailed parts, assembly, and sales, deploying each factor at the global level.