Event-Triggered Consensus for Heterogeneous Battery Energy Storage Systems in Droop-Controlled Microgrids

This paper investigates a fully distributed adaptive consensus protocol to achieve leader-follower consensus for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) based on multi-agent system framework. The frequency/voltage restoration, active/reactive power sharing, and SoC balancing for all connected BESSs are realized by sparse communication over a directional information flow topology. Compared with existing distributed control methods for BESSs, its communication structure is more general and flexible. Apart from this, the global topology information is not essential for local agents to achieve synchronization, which brings the plug-and-play capability to microgrids. The proposed control architecture offers unique features. First, the event-triggered sampling mechanism is developed for checking the necessary transmission time while ensuring similar performance compared with periodic sampling mechanisms. Next, the distributed control law subject to bounded uncertainties enables local agents to track a virtual leader such that the closed-loop system converges to an adjustable neighborhood of the equilibrium point. Finally, various time-domain simulations on a droop-controlled microgrids are carried out to validate the developed control scheme.