Improved Blockchain Sharding Consensus for Cross-Shard Validation

The consensus algorithm, which serves as the core of blockchain technology, enables the realization of decentralized and secure trusted service delivery environments. To address the complex validation mechanisms for cross-shard transactions in sharding consensus algorithms, this paper proposes a comprehensible four-layer sharding consensus algorithm. It introduces synchronous nodes responsible for storing and updating the global state to ensure the consistency of cross-shard transactions, and routing nodes responsible for forwarding cross-shard transactions to the relevant shards to ensure their atomicity. Furthermore, this paper presents a “relevant reference” approach based on a Distributed Acyclic Graph (DAG) ledger structure of parallel chains to verify cross-shard transactions, thus unifying the validation and consensus of cross-shard transactions and simplifying the validation process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves higher throughput and lower confirmation latency compared to other sharding consensus algorithms.