Surrogacy Technology in Fisheries and Aquaculture

The surrogacy technology in fisheries and aquaculture emphasizes in improving breeding efficiency, genetic diversity, and sustainability. Surrogacy technology replaces natural reproductive processes in aquatic species with advanced biotechnological methods like genetic engineering, embryonic manipulation, hormonal control, and broodstock management. This shift to sophisticated genetic interventions, including CRISPR-Cas9, allows for precise genetic enhancements. Genetic engineering is central to introducing traits like disease resistance and accelerated growth. Embryonic manipulation techniques, such as microinjection and somatic cell nuclear transfer, along with hormonal control for spawning induction and selective breeding in broodstock management, are essential tools in modern aquaculture and genetic research. These techniques enable precise genetic modifications, enhance reproductive efficiency, and improve desirable traits in cultured species, thereby contributing to sustainable and productive aquaculture practices. Different types of surrogacy, including interspecies embryonic transfer and germ-line surrogacy, are analysed for their role in genetic diversity and species recovery. Case studies also illustrate their applications in enhancing productivity, conservation, and understanding of aquatic biology. Future perspectives, involving emerging trends like artificial intelligence and advanced gene editing, are discussed, highlighting their potential in revolutionizing fisheries and aquaculture for ecological responsibility and sustainability. This overview underscores the significance of surrogacy technology in global food security and conservation efforts.