Soil Biotechnology: A Promising Approach for Wastewater Treatment

Water is among the most precious resources in the world, yet due to climate change, rapid population increase, and improper waste management, it is constantly in danger. Restoration and regeneration of the effluent in this situation would aid in better utilising the freshwater resources that are already accessible. Recently there are several green technologies reported to reclaim wastewater with good water quality parameters without much contributing to global warming. One such green technology involving soil biotechnology (SBT) was reported to achieve better treatment of municipal wastewater and industrial effluent without the disadvantages of conventional treatment technologies. SBT for wastewater treatment uses natural resources like earth, pebbles, and sand as well as living media like earthworms, microbes, and flora to treat wastewater in an efficient, less expensive, and environmentally friendly manner. The present chapter focuses on what is SBT, structure of SBT, and how soil biotechnology processes overcome the drawbacks of conventional water treatment plants.