Selenium Nanoparticles as a Stimulant in Plant Micropropagation

In the era of biotechnology and nanotechnology, there are continuous research efforts for new nanomaterials to expand the collection of growth regulators in plant micropropagation. Based on its strong antioxidant properties, selenium (Se) plays an important role in many biological processes in humans, animals, and plants. Here, we provide some brief case studies on the beneficial effects of Se nanoparticles (SeNPs) on in vitro plant growth and morphogenesis by focusing on de novo shoot regeneration in strawberry and kiwifruit. Besides, the effect of SeNPs on the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in explants was determined. The results showed that SeNPs stimulated shoot regeneration significantly in both cases via changing the antioxidant enzyme status. However, the beneficial effects of SeNPs depend on the concentration and plant species. The role of SeNPs as a growth stimulant in plants has also been emphasized through discussion of some updated published results in phalaenopsis orchids, gerbera, and passion fruit cultured in vitro. A description of the possible mechanisms by which SeNPs influence growth and morphogenesis in plants is presented as a conclusion to this chapter. Future research should aim to study the molecular, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms of the effects of SeNPs on plant growth in tissue culture, which will be the basis for the application of SeNPs in plant micropropagation.